Hydrocarbon-burner



(No Model.)

I. E. BLAKE & H. RAUOHFUSS.

HYDROGARBON BURNER.

Patented June 2,

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' UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ISAAC E. BLAKE AND HERMAN RAUCHFUSS, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

HYDROCARBQN-BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 453,335, dated June 2,1891. Application filed April 17, 1890. Serial No. 348,300. (No model.)

To all whom it Hwy concern.-

Be it known that we, IsAAO E. BLAKE and HERMAN RAUOHFUSS, citizens ofthe United States, residing at Denver, county of Arapahoe, and State ofColorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inHydrocarbon Illuminating Burners, which are fully set forth in thefollowing specification, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part thereof.

Figure 1 isa side elevation of ourimproved burner. Fig. 2 is a verticalaxial section through the line 2 2 on Fig. 3, said Fig. 3 being a planwith the shield removed. Fig. 4 is a section at 4 4 on Fig. 1.

This application is for an invention related to another invention forwhich our joint application, Serial No. $48,301, is filed simultaneouslyherewith, and we do not design in this application to claim specificallyanything which is shown in the other application above named.

This invention is designed to facilitate the use of hydrocarbon oils forillumination, and is adapted for use With the lighter and more volatileoils-such as naphtha or gasoline which vaporize at a moderate heat.

It consists in improved devices whereby a minimum flame is maintainedand protected from extinguishment and converted into a maximum flamewhen desired. The devices employed are designed also to make the maximumflame consist of radiating jets rather than a continuous integral flame.

In the drawings, A is the supply-tube and vaporizing-chamber, which isfilled with any suitable absorbent and porous substance A, which checksthe flow of the fluid to the burner and retains the heat after theburner is lighted, causing the fluid which is conducted into it to bevaporized in its pores. The tube or stem A is cast in one piece with orbrazed at the upper end to the burner-tip 15. Two ducts B and B extendthrough the burner-tip from the chamber in the stem A to thespreadingchamber 13 formed'in the upper end of the burner-tip B. Thisspreading-chamber might properly also be called a vaporizing-chamber,since before the burner becomes hot enough to cause the formation ofvapor in the stem A the liquid will be vaporized in thisspreading-chamber B Fine orifices 19 lead from the chamber B through itswall outhaving an opening through its base large enough to allow it tobe passed down over the upper end of the burner-tip, and which restsupon the four radial arms B B B B. The base 0 of the shield O isperforated, said perforations 0 being distributed over its entiresurface and designed to admit air freely into it from below. Itscylindrical wall is pierced by apertures 0 equal in number and in lineradially with the orifices b respectively leading from thespreading-chamber Through the arms 13 and 13 holes are drilled into theducts B and B respectively, and screw-valves D and E, suitably guardedabout their stems with stuffing-boxes D and E, are provided, enteringthrough said holes and seating across said ducts B and B respectively.Directly above each of these valves simple screw-valves F and G areinserted through the arms D and D respectively, and seated in andadapted to close the ducts B and B respectively, above the seats thereinof the valves D and E, respectively. These latter valves F and G arepreferably made with slender tapering points, and their seats are ofcourse similarly formed, whereby they are adapted to be very accuratelyadjusted. The valves D and E may not be so slender, but may cease moreabruptly. The valve D we prefer to provide with a sheavehandle D, towhich a chain Il may be connected for convenience in operating it. Thevalve E may have no handle at all, or may be provided with a handle E,as shown; but the valves F and G are preferably without handles, but maybe slotted at the exposed ends to be operated by a screw-driver. Theselatter valves are designed to be so tightly fitted in their threads asto require no stuffing-boxes, and to be adjusted not too easily even bymeans of a screw-driver, and incapable of adjustment by the fingerswithout a tool.

This burner is designed to be used in the following manner: The valve Ebeing closed and the valves F and D being open and the valve G eitheropen or closed, it beingat this stage a matter of indifference whetherit is open or closed, the fluid admitted through the pipe A andcontained in the porous material A flows up through the duct B, and,

overflowing in the chamber B and flowing. out through the orifices bwill be ignited.

upon the outside of the burner-tip. It will be understood that for thispurpose the shield C may be temporarily removed. The valve D may now beclosed, or so nearly closed as to admit a very slight quantity of oilpast it, the oil which has overflowed and such ad ditional quantity, ifany, as may be supplied past the valve D burning freely until the entireburner-tip B and the tube A, connected to it, are sufficiently heated tocause the fluid contained in the porous contents A of the tube A to bevaporized therein, so that the discharge from the orifices 71 is nolonger oil, but vapor. It will be understood that if the valve D hasbeen closed entirely after the first discharge of oil past it, asdescribed, itmust be opened again before the oil so discharged isentirely burned up, in order that the vapor or vaporized oil in the tubeA may be admitted to the burner-tip to maintain the flame. The valveDwill now be opened wide, and the valve F will be screwed in until thedischarge of vapor past it is limited to such amount as can becontinuously generated in the chamber A. This amount and the consequentadjustment of the valve F will be determined by the judgment of anexpert or by suflicient experiment to ascertain it reliably, and thevalve F, having been once set at this position, need never be changed,except when a different grade of oil is to be used, which may change theconditions. The valve D being now closed entirely, and the valve Eopened wide, the valve G will be adjusted to such position that it willadmit past it only the least quantity of vapor, which will maintain thetemperature of the burner at the vaporizingpoint. This valve, being thusadjusted, will need no change unless a different character of oil is tobe used, which may require a greater volume to maintain the same temperature, or which vaporizes at a different temperatu re. It will beseen that when the valves F and G are thus adjusted the flame may beincreased from the minimum which can be maintained to the maximum thatthe burner is capable of supplying reliably by opening the valve D toany desired extent, and that, once lighted and properly adjusted, theflame will never be extinguished entirely, and the burner may thereforebe operated with as great convenience as aburner fed by a gassupply andprovided with automatic lighting attachments, so that the process offirst flooding the burner with oil and watchingit until it begins tovaporize and then with care requiring an expert adjusting it to theproper point each time it is used is dispensed with. If at any time itis desired to extinguish the burner entirely, as when the light is notto be required for a long time, as for several days or weeks, the valveE will be closed as well as the valve D; but in the ordinary intervalsof use from night to night the valve E will be left open and theflamemaintained at the minimum, controlled by the valve G, as described.

It will be apparent that the slight flame formed when the valve D isclosed and the vapor is admitted only past the minimum valve G would beliable to be extinguished by drafts of air, and also that the largeflame might be rendered unsteady and might be extinguished at some ofthe orifices momentarily by air-blasts accidentally directed upon it ifno protection were afforded for the flame. To afford such protection isthe purpose of the shield O. This shield has the bottom C perforated, asalready described, the intention being to admit an abundant supply ofair to the flame, but to so thoroughly break it up that it shall bedistributed evenly and not at any time reduced to a blast at any onepoint. The shield entirely encircles the burner-tip and is closed at thetop, and has the apertures 0 which are radially in line with theapertures b in the burner-tip B. The apertures 0 however, are very muchlarger than the orifices I)", the latter being from one one-hundredth toone-fiftieth of an inch-that is, barely large enough to admit a fineneedlewhile the former-the apertures c are from three-sixteenths tothree-eighths of an inch in diameter. The jets emitted from the orificesU are directed toward the apertures 0 and when the supply-valve isopened to such an extent as to produce actual illumination from theburner these jets shoot out through the apertures c'-. When the burneristurned down that is, when the valve 1) is closed, or nearly soand thequantity of vapor admitted is that which is permitted by the valve G,the jets barely protrude from the orifices b, or at least do not extendfar enough to be visible outside the shield C. In practice a bare bluepoint of flame is visible at the orifices if when the supply of vapor isat the minimum as controlled by the valve G.

We claim-- 1. In a vapor-burner, in combination with the fluid-supplypipe and the burner-tip and a duct communicating from the supply-pipe tothe tip, and the valve controlling such duct, the tip having peripheralj et-orifices in horizontal plane, through which the Vapor is emittedradially, and a shield encircling and covering such tip and havingperipheral openings in a horizontal plane radially in line with thejet-orifices, respectively, and through which the flame can extend whenthe controlling-valve is sufficiently opened, substantially as setforth.

2. In a hydrocarbon-burner, in combination with the supply-pipe and theburner-tip,

two ducts which communicate with the supply-pipe and the tip,a'limiting-valve seating in each of said ducts, one of such Valves beingadjusted to the minimum and the other to the maximum of the desiredsupply, the third valve controlling the duct which has the maximumlimiting-valve, the burner-tip having peripheral jet-orifices inhorizontal plane, through which the vapor is emitted radially, and ashield O, encircling and covering such tip and having in a horizontalplane peripheral flame-orifices 0 which are radially in line with the jet-orifices, respectively, whereby the jetsof fiame emitted from thejet-orifices are caused to extend out separately and divergently in ahorizontal plane through said flame-orifices, substantially as setforth.

3. In a Vapor-burner, in combination with the burner-tip havingjet-orifices located in ISAAC E. BLAKE.

HERMAN RAUCHFUSS.

Witnesses:

O. B. OoWELL, M. MOMULLIN.

